The Friends of Astrology Inc.
  • Calendar of Events
    • Calendar of Events2
    • MP3 DOWNLOADS FOR PURCHASE
    • Directions
    • Join E Mailing List
    • Would you like to Lecture ?
    • UAC Chicago 2018
  • Contact
    • Board Members Articles & Blogs
    • Christine Arens
    • President Omari Martin >
      • Omari Martin
    • Vice President Joe Polise >
      • Joe Polise Blog
    • Jon Parks >
      • Jon Parks Blog
    • Peter Gadek Blog
    • The Traveling Astrologer by Pamela Kokott
    • Victoria Martin
    • Dorothy Morgan
    • About >
      • Rectified
  • Products and Services
    • 2020 Annual Dinner
    • 2019 Summer Seminar
    • 80th Anniversary Dinner
    • 2018 Annual Dinner
    • 2017 Summer Seminar Photo Album
    • 2017 Annual Dinner Photo Album
    • 2016 Summer Seminar Photo Album
    • 2016 Annual Dinner Photo Album >
      • 2015 Annual Fundraiser Photo Album
      • Summer Seminar 2015
  • Mercury Messages
    • Featured Articles >
      • Designate Blog
    • Membership >
      • log in
      • Articles with login
      • Blog
    • Links
    • Articles Christine Arens >
      • Sun Signs
    • In Memoriam >
      • Norman Arens
      • Gladys Hall
      • John E. Brunell
      • Lily Ireland
      • Roger Mock
  • Medical Astrology
    • Blog Medical Astrology
    • Aries
    • Taurus
    • Gemini
    • Cancer
    • Leo
    • Virgo
    • Libra
    • Scorpio
    • Sagittarius
    • Capricorn
    • Aquarius
    • Pisces

Presidential Elections 2020 – Astrological Perspective. By Peter Gadek M.S. December 2020

2/8/2021

1 Comment

 
Attend our Next lecture, ​March 19th, (DST) 7:30 PM– Gemini Brett :
The Starry Story and Sacred Science of the Venus Synodic Cycle
​Follow this Link
Gemini Brett Lecture
This article we have 6 complete sections: This is 1 of 6
​

The subject of 2020 Presidential Elections is the one that definitely moved all of us – American citizens. This election is like no other election that we have ever seen before. We have never seen before this kind of accompanying circumstances and allegations. The time of 2020 Elections was definitely the critical time in our modern history.
In the mid of the December I came to the conclusion that this unique political situation needs to be documented. So my idea was to document the time using the astrological language. By doing this I would combine my two passions: passion for astrology and passion for history.
My focus was put on the solid astrological analysis. I was NOT trying to do any political campaigning for any of the two candidates. It was about the Art of Astrology. And to be more specific – I wanted to propose and to share certain methodology.
Before I started writing this article I realized that there was very few predictions on the outcome of the elections. And in the mid of the December we still did not know for sure who the winner was. So the events of January 6 (The First Assembly of Congress), and of January 20 (The Day of Inauguration) were still to come. Now the elections time is over and we know the outcome. Now is the moment to document the time.
​
So to summarize: The purpose and the value of this article lies in the two areas:
​
  • Documentation of the important historical time.
  • Proposal of certain methodology that would help to evaluate moments like this in a broad, comprehensive way.
This article was written in two versions: The short one and the long one.
The short version provides the analysis of the Aries Ingress chart, the Election Day chart, the Congress 1st Assembly chart, and the Inauguration Day Chart. It also includes the compatibility analysis for both candidates – in relation to the US chart.
 
The long version is adding the analysis of:
  • The natal charts of both candidates and related transits
  • The Solar Return charts for both candidates
Process and Methods that were used in this analysis:
 
  1. For Aries Ingress, Election Day, Congress 1st Assembly, and Inauguration Day Charts:
    1. ASC, ASC ruler, and ASC ruler dispositor represent incumbent.
    2. DSC, DSC ruler, and DSC ruler dispositor represent challenger.
    3. Comparing how they are connected with the chart ASC. Wins the one who has connection with the ASC with Ptolemaic aspect, or the one who has better connection (trine vs. square; exactness of the aspect). Once the connection (aspect) is observed then the stronger essential dignity (by domicile or exaltation) is the decisive factor.
  2. For the charts of both candidates:
    1. Natal Charts characteristic.
    2. Biwheels – I overlaid natal charts with the charts of Aries Ingress, Election Day, Congress 1st Assembly, and Inauguration Day.
    3. Biwheels – I overlaid these charts with the charts of both Solar Eclipses and Jupiter/Saturn conjunction chart.
  3. Solar Returns for candidates:
    1. For Donald Trump – SR chart for 2020
    2. For Joe Biden – SR charts for 2019 and 2020
(2 charts because of DOB à Nov 19)
  1. Evaluation of Solar Return charts – independently
  2. Evaluation of Solar Return charts – Together with natal charts (2 wheels, and biwheel)
  1. For US Chart:
    1. Biwheels – I overlaid the US chart with the charts of candidates.
    2. Compatibility Analysis – The US chart vs. candidate chart
  2. Summary for both candidates.
​The issue of the time for the Election Day chart:
 
I believe that the Election Day is the most critical among the four days that were taken into the consideration – The other ones are Aries Ingress, Congress 1st Assembly, and Inauguration Day. Each one of these three is represented by a moment:
  • Aries Ingress – Moment of Sun ingress into Aries
  • Congress 1st Assembly – Moment when the assembly opens the session – High Noon
  • Inauguration Day Assembly – Moment when the newly elected president is being sworn in – High Noon
In the case of the Election Day it is not clear what the moment is. The problem is that the election is not as moment; it is a process. In the past we could assume that the process started at 6:00 am. It is because the polls used to open at 6:00 am in the eastern states. However this method have had its opponents. They say that not the start moment counts here but the end moment. And this is supposed to be the moment when they close polls in western states. And then another challenge emerges: should we take the moment of polls closing in California? Or in Alaska? Or in Hawaii? It is getting complicated, isn’t it?
Additionally, this year the election procedure was modified and election started long before the November 3rd. This is because the Voting by Mail procedure was introduced. End the election stopped not in the evening of November 3rd, but on the next day – on November 4th. These additional variables make the issue even more difficult.
In this case I do find only two reasonable ways to go:
  • Time 12:00 am EST. This is a symbolic time that embraces the whole day as a very special day.
  • Time 6:00 am EST. This is the moment when the first polls on American soil open up.
     The information about polls opening time came from the page shown below:
https://ballotpedia.org/State_Poll_Opening_and_Closing_Times_(2020)
 
In my opinion the right time is the actual time when the first polls open up. And this is 6:00 am EST. This is the time of the moment. It also has its symbolic and historical meaning.

​List of charts that are used in this analysis:
 
  1. Aries Ingress chart – Mar 19, 2020, 11:49 PM; Washington DC
  2. Election Day chart – Nov 3, 2020, 6:00 AM; Washington DC
  3. Congress 1st Assembly chart – Jan 6, 2021, 12:00 PM; Washington DC
  4. Inauguration Day chart – Jan 20, 2020, 12:00 PM; Washington DC
  5. Donald Trump Natal Chart – for the time 9:50:50 AM
  6. Joe Boden Natal Chart – for the time 8:30 AM
  7. Solar Eclipse of Jun 21, 2020 (for Washington DC)
  8. Solar Eclipse of Dec 14, 2020 (for Washington DC)
  9. Jupiter/Saturn Conjunction of Dec 21, 2020 (for Washington DC)
  10. Donald Trump Solar Return Chart for 2020 (relocated to Washington DC)
  11. Joe Biden Solar Return Chart for 2019 (relocated to Washington DC)
  12. Joe Biden Solar Return Chart for 2020 (relocated to Washington DC)
  13. Chart of US – for time 12:17 PM (Hazelrigg/Bowser Chart)
​Analysis:
 
  1. Aries Ingress (Mar 19, 2020) – Chart Evaluation
Picture
​I am analyzing here the ASC, ASC ruler, and ASC ruler dispositor.
The ASC is consider here to be a sacred gate to the outer world. The planets that are aspecting the ASC (casting ray onto ASC) have the capacity to deliver. The planets that do not form any aspect to ASC (do not cast the ray onto the ASC) remain only the potential that never comes to fruition. The essential dignity of the rulers and their dispositors plays an important role.
 
Incumbent (Trump) is represented by ASC, ASC rulers (à Exalted Mars, Pluto), and ASC ruler dispositors (By domicile: Saturn; By exaltation: Mars).
Mars is in exaltation, located in 2nd house (succedent).
The modern ASC ruler (Pluto) conjuncts Mars. To say more – they form stellium together with Jupiter (ruler of the 2nd H and 4th H) and the Saturn (final dispositor of the stellium).

​Both ASC rulers are forming the sextile to the ASC – meaning they are capable to deliver. In case of Pluto, this is very tight and powerful aspect.

Picture
​Challenger (Biden) is represented by the DSC, DSC ruler (By domicile: Venus in domicile; By exaltation: Moon located in Aquarius), and DSC rulers dispositor (Venus – disposes herself; Moon disposes to Saturn and Uranus).
Venus in domicile is located in bad 6th house, and it does not form aspects with ASC. Moon is located in 3rd H and it does not form aspects with ASC. However, Saturn (Moon dispositor) forms a sextile to ASC within 5 deg.
Picture
​Judgment:
The incumbent planets have a lot of power to deliver.
The challenger planets have also certain amount power to deliver.

Please come back February 15th 2021 for Part 2 of this article
Part 2#  This article we have 6 complete sections: This is 2 of 6
Part 2# This article we have 6 complete sections: This is 2 of 6
​
  1. Election Day (Nov 3, 2020, 6:00 am) – Chart Evaluation
Time 6:00 am was elected because first polls opened then – in states of Maine, Connecticut, and New Jersey. Polls in Washington D.C. opened at 7:00 am.

Picture
​Procedure is the same as above.
 
Incumbent (Trump) is represented by ASC, ASC rulers (à Exalted Mars, Pluto), and ASC ruler dispositors (By domicile: Mars in domicile and Saturn; By exaltation: Sun, and Mars).
However, let’s notice that Mars retrogrades on this day. And he will retrograde for another 10 or 11 days. He will be stationary direct on Nov 13 in the evening. Then his power will get activated.
ASC rulers:
Mars is in domicile, located in bad 6th house. Mars does not form any aspect to ASC. ASC cannot see him.
Pluto is located in Capricorn in 3rd H. He does not form any aspect to ASC either. ASC cannot see him.
ASC ruler dispositors:
Mars is in domicile. However by exaltation, Mars disposes to Sun located in Scorpio in 1st H – 8-1/2 deg from ASC. This is strong.
Pluto disposes to Saturn in Capricorn (by domicile). Saturn forms a square to ASC within 6-1/2 deg (angular distance), or a sextile by sign.
Pluto also disposes to Mars in Aries (by exaltation). Mars does not form any aspect to ASC.
Picture
​Challenger (Biden) is represented by the DSC, DSC ruler (By domicile: Venus; By exaltation: Moon), and DSC rulers dispositor (By domicile: Venus in domicile, Mercury; By exaltation: Saturn).
DSC rulers:
Venus is in domicile, located in bad 12th house (on the cusp). Venus does not form any aspect to ASC. ASC cannot see her.
Moon is DSC ruler by exaltation. Moon is located in Gemini in bad 8th H. Moon does not form any aspect to ASC. ASC cannot see her.
DSC ruler dispositors:
Venus is in domicile. However by exaltation, Venus disposes to Saturn. And Saturn forms the square aspect to ASC.
Moon in Gemini disposes to Mercury located in Libra in the 12th H – 7 deg before the ASC. Certain impact of Mercury on ASC can be observed. However, the influences of the 12th H are strong.
 
Picture
​Judgment:
The incumbent planets have the power to deliver.
The challenger planets have the limited power to deliver (While working from the behind the scenes).
​

Part 3#  This article we have 6 complete sections: This is 3 of 6

​3. Congress 1st Assembly Day (Jan 6, 2021) – Chart Evaluation 
Picture
​Procedure is the same as above.
 
Incumbent (Trump) is represented by ASC, ASC ruler (By domicile: Mars; By exaltation: Sun).
Mars is located in Aries (in domicile) in 1st house (6 deg from ASC).
However Mars is in 29ARI54. He will stay in Aries only for another 5-1/2 hours before he transfers to Taurus (And Taurus is ruled by Venus – the same as DSC!). This looks like a last call for an action; the last chance to jump on the train!
The Sun is in Capricorn (Peregrine) in 10th H (!!). Sun forms a loose square to ASC – within 7 deg. Sun disposes to Saturn (by domicile), and to Mars (by exaltation). Saturn is located in 11th H, and does not form aspect to ASC. However, Mars is located in the 1st House (!!)
​Moon represents people – Moon is the co-ruler of 1st house by exaltation; Moon is located in Libra in 6th H (3 deg from DSC), Moon forms an aspect of opposition to ASC.
​

Picture
​Challenger (Biden) is represented by the DSC, DSC ruler (By domicile: Venus; By exaltation: Saturn), and DSC rulers dispositor (By domicile: Jupiter, Uranus; By exaltation: None).
 
Moon represents people; Moon is located in Libra in 6th H (3 deg from DSC), Moon forms an aspect of opposition to ASC.
Venus forms a nice trine to ASC – within 4 deg. Venus disposes to Jupiter (located in Aquarius in 10th House). Jupiter does not aspect ASC.
Saturn (DSC ruler by exaltation) is not forming aspects to ASC. However Uranus (Saturn dispositor) is located in 1st H (!!).

Picture
​Judgment:
The incumbent planets have the power to deliver.
The challenger planets have the power to deliver.
The candidates have even chances.

Part 4#  This article we have 6 complete sections: This is 4 of 6
​4. Inauguration Day (Jan 20, 2021) – Chart Evaluation

Picture
​Procedure is the same as above.
 
Incumbent (Trump) is represented by ASC, ASC rulers (By domicile: Venus; By exaltation: Moon), and ASC ruler dispositors (By domicile: Saturn in domicile, and Mars in detriment; By exaltation: Mars in detriment, Sun in detriment).
Venus is located in Capricorn (in triplicity) in good 9th house. What is really important here is that she forms the tight trine aspect to ASC. Saturn is the dispositor for Venus. Saturn is located in Aquarius (domicile) in 10th house.
The ASC ruler by exaltation is Moon. The Moon is located in Marts in 12th H – She does not bring any extra power.

Picture
​Challenger (Biden) is represented by the DSC, DSC rulers (Mars, and Pluto), and DSC rulers dispositors (Venus in Capricorn; Saturn in Aquarius).
Mars is in detriment and in 12th house. However, Venus being the Mars dispositor saves the situation. She forms the trine to ASC.
Pluto looks very promising here – located in 9th house, close to MC. But, he does not form any Ptolemaic aspect to ASC.

Picture

​Judgment:
The incumbent planets have the power to deliver.
The challenger planets have the power to deliver.

Part 5#  This article we have 6 complete sections: This is 5 of 6
5. The United States Chart
Picture
This chart came from Ken Bowser (book “Primary Directions and the Horoscope of the United States”). It was based on the chart that John Hazelrigg came out with at the end of 19th century, and that was based on some archive materials that he found. Ken Bowser further rectified this chart with the usage of Primary Directions technique.
 
Analysis shown below is called Compatibility Analysis.
It is based on the utility that is included in Sirius Software.
The purpose here is to show the level of compatibility between the US chart, and the candidate chart.
 
The results show that Donald Trump is a better fit to the US.
Category 5 should be further discussed.
Picture
​Compatibility – US to Candidate Donald Trump
1. Similarity of Interests and Temperament:                         29
2. Mutual Success and High Achievement:                            102
3. Problem Solving, Communication, and Mutual Understanding:     280
4. Mutual Kindness, Friendliness, Pleasantness, and Peace:             69
5. Aggressiveness, Competition, Power, Success, or Violence:         280 !
6. Adventurousness, Surprises, Disturbances:                       53
7. Shared Creativity, Imagination, and Inspiration:                100

Picture
​Compatibility – US to Candidate Joe Biden
1. Similarity of Interests and Temperament:                         29
2. Mutual Success and High Achievement:                            67
3. Problem Solving, Communication, and Mutual Understanding:     179
4. Mutual Kindness, Friendliness, Pleasantness, and Peace:             38
5. Aggressiveness, Competition, Power, Success, or Violence:         22
6. Adventurousness, Surprises, Disturbances:                       46
7. Shared Creativity, Imagination, and Inspiration:                94 
Categories Scores:
​
​Given above are the compatibility scores in 7 different categories. A score of 100 is average. A score above 100 indicates that the trait is strong, and a score below 100 indicates that the trait is weak. More specifically, you can interpret the scores as follows:

 Above 150 is very high. This trait is VERY strong!
 125 to 150 is above average. The trait is strong.
 115 to 125 is slightly above average. The trait is slightly strong.
 85 to 115 is average.
 75 to 85 is slightly below average. The trait is slightly weak.
 50 to 75 is weak.
 50 or lower is VERY weak!

Note that there is no strict dividing point in the scores so a score of about 115, for example, is at about the point where the trait is noticeably above average. As with most things in life, like height, weight, intelligence, etc., there is a gradual continuum of scores, but these dividing points are fairly good indicators of when a trait stands out as being strong or weak.
Categories Descriptions:
​
​Category 1
Similarity of Interests and Temperament, is based on having a planet in the same zodiac sign or a similar aspect, such as both people having a major aspect between the same two planets.

Category 2
Mutual Success and High Achievement, is based on aspects of Jupiter to Sun, Mars, or Pluto, or Sun-Jupiter aspects between the charts or in the composite chart.

Category 3
Problem Solving, Communication, and Mutual Understanding, is based on aspects of any planet except Neptune to Mercury in each other's charts or in the composite chart.

Category 4
Mutual Kindness, Friendliness, Pleasantness, and Peace, is based on trines, sextile, noviles, binoviles, and quadnoviles of the Moon to Sun, Venus, or Jupiter, or of Sun to Venus between the two charts or in the composite chart.

Category 5
Aggressiveness, Competition, Power, Success, or Violence, is based on aspects of Mars to Sun, Uranus, and Pluto, or of Sun to Pluto between the two charts or in the composite chart.

Category 6
Adventurousness, Surprises, Disturbances, is based on aspects of Uranus to any planet between the charts or in the composite chart.

Category 7
Shared Creativity, Imagination, and Inspiration, is based on conjunctions, trines, sextiles, quintiles, and biquintiles of Neptune to any planet in the other person's chart or in the composite chart.

Part 6#  This article we have 6 complete sections: This is 6 of 6
​Donald Trump – Time table of Transits
 Brief list of some important astrological events related to Donald Trump
 – July 2020 to February 2021.

  1. July 30 – Transiting Mars (direct) trines natal ASC
  2. July – October – Uranus retrogrades and squares Pluto twice
  3. Aug – October – Saturn retrogrades and opposes Venus twice
  4. Aug – December – Mars retrogrades and squares Venus three times
  5. Aug – September – Jupiter retrogrades and squares Jupiter twice
  6. Aug 9 – Transiting Sun conjuncts natal ASC
  7. Aug 26 – Transiting Mars (direct) trines natal Mars
  8. Sep 9 – Mars turns stationary retrograde
  9. Sep 21 – Transiting Venus (direct) conjuncts natal ASC
  10. Sep 23 – Transiting Mars (retrograde) trines natal Mars
  11. Sep 25 – Uranus Squares Pluto
  12. Oct 25 – Transiting Mars (retrograde) trines natal ASC
  13. Oct 31 – Sun conjuncts IC; Moon and Uranus conjuncts MC
  14. Oct 29 – Uranus trines Mercury
  15. Nov 3 – Uranus conjuncts MC
  16. Nov 13 – Mars turns stationary direct
  17. Nov 17 – Mercury conjuncts IC
  18. Nov 18 – Jupiter opposes Saturn
  19. Nov 28 – Jupiter opposes Venus
  20. Nov 28 – Venus conjuncts IC
  21. Dec 3 – Transiting Mars (direct) trines natal ASC
  22. Dec 5 – Moon conjuncts ASC
  23. Dec 18 – Moon conjuncts DSC
  24. Dec 19 – Pluto opposes Saturn
  25. Dec 23 – Transiting Moon trines natal Mars
  26. Dec 23 – Transiting Moon conjuncts MC
  27. Dec 30 – Transiting Mars (direct) trines natal Mars
  28. Jan 6 – Transiting Moon conjuncts Natal Jupiter, sextiles natal Moon, and ASC, and trines natal Sun and Uranus; Squares natal Venus and Saturn.
  29. Jan 19 – Transiting Mercury (direct) conjuncts natal DSC
  30. Jan 21 – Transiting Moon conjuncts natal MC
  31. Jan 24 – Transiting Mars (direct) conjuncts natal MC
February 16 – Pluto opposes Venus

Joe Biden – Time table of Transits
Brief list of some important astrological events related to Donald Trump
​
– July 2020 to February 2021.

  1. July – Transiting Saturn sextiles natal Venus
  2. July – Transiting Jupiter sextiles natal Mercury
  3. July/August – Transiting Saturn sextiles natal Sun
  4. July/August – Transiting Jupiter sextiles natal MC
  5. August – October – Transiting Neptune conjuncts IC
  6. August/October – Transiting Mars (Retrograde) squares natal Jupiter.
  7. September/October – Transiting Saturn opposes natal Jupiter
  8. October – Transiting Jupiter trines MC
  9. November/February – Transiting Uranus (retrograde) squares natal Pluto
  10. January/February – Transiting Pluto opposes Jupiter
  11. January/March – Transiting Neptune conjuncts IC
  12. February – Transiting Saturn opposes Pluto

Picture
​These final comments are being edited in February of 2021.
Joe Biden has been already sworn as a 46th president of The United States.
 
This analysis is to document the historical event of ultra-high importance. My objective was to show the astrological perspective of these historical events, events that were so critical to the history of the nation.
In December it could have been a prediction to certain extent. Not anymore.
The review of astrological arguments suggested the win of Donald Trump – this is what at least the election charts suggested (Aries Ingress, Election Day, and Inauguration Day). However, the Congress 1st Assembly chart showed how important was the day of January 6. Anything could have happened on this day. The day of January 6th was very critical to the loss of Donald Trump – from the astrological perspective.
 
At the end I need to say that the struggle between candidates was fierce; we could observe it in the astrological charts. As the struggle continued Joe Biden was getting more momentum. Charts demonstrated that no matter who the winner was to be we could predict that the potential win of either candidate would not be easy.
 
The analysis of the transit charts, and Solar Return Charts suggest the balance between candidates. Or maybe even the superiority of Biden over Trump.
These charts did not give the ultimate answer who was going to be the president of the US in the years 2021-2024. Both candidates had to face many of challenges – each of them challenges of different kind.
The Solar Return Charts show that the year 2021 will not be easy for either Joe Biden or Donald Trump.
The US chart compatibility suggest that Trump would be better president (on most accounts). Though his high level of aggressive attitudes could be a warning flag.
 
This elections are different from all other elections we used to be part of in the past.
This oncoming year of 2021 will be difficult for both candidates:
   Joe Biden and Donald Trump.
 
These conclusions were collected based on certain methodology that I proposed. This methodology was composed from techniques that have been known to the astrology for a long time. So what is new here is the way they were composed together to serve the purpose of analysis of events like presidential elections.
Hopefully you will find it useful.
 
If you believe that this methodology could be corrected or improved please share your comments with the author.
 
God bless America.
Peter Gadek
 
 
P.S.
Dear reader.
The article that you just have read is the shortened version of the actual article (long version). If you liked this shortened version and would like continue with the complete article, please contact the author at:  piotr.pawel.11@gmail.com and the article will be emailed to you.
 
God Bless,
Peter Gadek
1 Comment

History of the Astrological Technique of Solar Arc Directions  by Peter Gadek

5/25/2017

1 Comment

 
Excerpts from:  History of the Astrological Technique of SOLAR ARC DIRECTIONS
By Peter Gadek


​​Introduction
​
The basic concept of the technique of Solar Arc Directions is probably as old as the known history of astrology. It appears that this technique evolved from the Primary Directions technique. The purpose of this discussion is to trace the origins of the system of Solar Arc Directions and outline how the technique developed.

Review of Main Predictive Techniques

1. Primary Directions are called this because they are based on the Earth’s primary motion, namely its rotation around its own polar axis, which takes place on the plane of the Celestial Equator.

2. Secondary Progressions are called this because the technique is based on the Earth’s secondary motion, its annual orbit around the Sun, which takes place on the plane of the Ecliptic. It is generally accepted that this technique was developed by Placidus de Titis in the 17th century, although some sources say that this technique was known before the time of Placidus. Placidus introduced this technique as an auxiliary system to Primary Directions, which he called Secondary Directions – currently called Secondary Progressions. The current practice of combining the primary directions of the angles with the secondary directions of the planets was originated by Alan Leo.

3. Solar Arc Directions were developed mostly in 19th century. This technique will be further clarified in this discussion.

4. Solar Returns are sometimes called Solar Revolutions. This is a very ancient technique. The planetary arrangement is analyzed for the moment when the Sun (in its apparent motion along the ecliptic) returns to the exact degree of celestial longitude that it occupied at the moment of native’s birth. This technique will not be included in this discussion.

5. Annual Profection is a system of symbolic directions. This technique has been in use since classical antiquity. This was the widespread time-lord technique that was used during the Hellenistic period of astrology, and was used together with Primary Directions.
​
6. Transits – This is another technique has been known since antiquity. Ptolemy gives importance to the transits of the planets through the signs of the significators, using aspects by sign. Renaissance and modern authors give transits to directions the role of triggering events.

7. Ingresses. This technique presents the configuration of the heavens at the time of a solar, lunar or planetary entry into a zodiacal sign. The Sun’s ingress into the sign of Aries is considered especially important in mundane astrology.
​Primary Directions vs. Solar Arc Directions

The concept of directions is at least as old as Ptolemy. This technique was described in the Tetrabiblos, and further developed over the centuries. The technique of Primary Directions is built on this basic foundation, namely that the actual motion of the heavens in the hours following birth is bringing the planets and other points to significant places in the natal chart, and thus shows the unfolding events in years to come. In this technique one degree of such motion (primary motion – measured on the equatorial plane in Right Ascension) corresponds to one year of life.

As the earth turns on its axis, it completes a full circle (360 degree rotation) in 24 hours (1440 minutes). One degree of primary motion therefore equals about 4 minutes of clock time (1440/360 = 4). This 1 degree of primary motion is symbolically equated with one year or life, so that every hour after birth covers 15 years of life events. The directions formed to the natal chart within six hours of birth will then correspond to 90 years of life.
​
Every direction has two elements. The first element is considered more passive in determining the area of life concerned – this is the significator. Ptolemy, and many astrologers throughout the centuries after him, used only five significators: ASC, MC, Sun, Moon, and Lot of Fortune. The second element is considered more active in determining the nature of the event – this is promissor. The traditional promissors are usually the original five planets (now seven), the major aspects, and sometimes the fixed stars. The promissor being carried by the east-to-west primary motion to the natal place of the significator constitutes a direct (right) motion. The significator being carried by the same motion to the place of the promissor constitutes a converse direction.

As an example let us consider the situation when sky carries one planet (for example the Sun) in its diurnal motion (clockwise) towards another planet that is stationary (for example Moon). Then we say that Sun is being directed to Moon – where

Sun is the promissor (causes action) and Moon is the significator (target of action). This is the case of direct primary directions. Jean Baptist Morin assumes that in some situations the stationary planet (Ex. Moon) can act causatively on moving planet (Ex. Sun) - within the same scheme and the same motion (clockwise). The motion stays the same but actions of Sun and Moon are reversed. This would constitute converse primary directions.

To obtain accurate and reliable results (predictions), this method requires an accurate time of birth, within 1 minute (or less). It also requires an understanding of spherical geometry/trigonometry, as well as precise calculations. In the pre-computer era this was a major issue, since for this method the calculations were very demanding on astrologers. Because of the issues with calculations, by the beginning of the 20th century Primary Directions were largely abandoned as a predictive tool. At this time astrologers began to favor the use of transits, progressions and solar returns.

In the 19th century another astrological predictive technique also started to emerge: this was the increasing use of Solar Arc Directions. This system gradually became a viable alternative to other predictive methods, such as secondary progressions or primary directions. Ease of use and effectiveness were the two major reasons that Solar Arc Directions gained in popularity. This system is often used together with transits, with transiting planets acting as triggers for events.

This method is based on solar arc in longitude, referencing the position of the secondary progressed Sun. In Solar Arc Directions, the Sun is first progressed (secondary progression), then the position of the natal Sun is subtracted from it. This number, or arc, is then added to all of the bodies and sensitive points of the natal chart. The new positions (the “arced” placements) are then compared to the natal placements, and exact aspects are noted.
​
With Solar Arc Directions, the movement of all the planets and points is approximately 1 degree per year, since the secondary progression of the Sun is approximately 1 degree per year (with slight variations depending on the season of the year in which the subject is born). With an ephemeris it is easy for an astrologer to find the location of the Sun at the birth, and then count forward one day in the ephemeris for each year of life. This new position of the Sun (for the desired year) would represent the position of the progressed Sun. This is what makes the system of Solar Arc Directions so easy to use, and it quickly became a useful tool in astrological practice
Solar Arc Directions methods:

There are several methods, called “keys”, used to calculate the Solar Arc for any given moment of life:

a) The Ptolemy Key
A quick calculation of one degree = one year of life. This method is suitable for very general work.

b) The Cardano Key
This is based on the Sun's mean daily arc of 59' 11". It is more accurate than Ptolemy Key method. This system is based on the projection of 360 degrees of ecliptic into the time length of the year (365.00 days). 360 degrees / 365.00 days = 59' 11" per day

c) The Naibod Key
This Key is based on Sun's mean daily arc of 59' 08". It is more accurate than either the Ptolemy Key or the Cardano Key. It is based on the projection of 360 degrees of ecliptic into the time length of the year (365.25 days). So therefore, 360 degrees / 365.25 days = 59' 08" per day.

d) The Individual Solar Arc (True Solar Arc)
This is the most exact and the most reliable system for critical timing. The Sun’s speed in its daily motion through the sky ranges from between 57' 05" and 1° 01' 10", depending upon the time of the year. The highest speed is nearthe time of the winter solstice; the lowest speed is near the time of the summer solstice (true for the northern hemisphere, and reversed for southern hemisphere). This is because the trajectory of the Earth in her motion around the Sun is elliptical, not circular.
​
e) Radix Directions
This is a variation of Individual/True Solar Arc Directions. The Midheaven, Sun and planets all move forward at the rate of the Naibod Key (0° 59' 8" per year, the Sun’s mean diurnal motion). However the Moon is moved forward at the rate of 13° 11' per year, which is the Moon’s mean diurnal motion (known as the “minor arc”). This system was developed by Sepharial and later further popularized by Vivian Robson.
Picture
Sources used by Peter Gadek
​
Bibliography – Classical:
1\ Tetrabiblos – Claudius Ptolemy.
Edited and translated by F.E.Robbins. Published by Harvard University Press in 1940
2\ Genethlialogia, or the Doctrine of Nativities – John Gadbury
Early English Books Online Editions. Originally printed in London in 1658.
3\ Astrologia Gallica – Book Twenty-Two – Directions – Jean-Baptiste Morin
Translated from Latin by James Hershel Holden.
Published by American Federation of Astrologers in 2004.
4\ The Elements of Astrology – Luke Dennis Broughton
Kessinger Legacy Reprints. Originally published in New York in 1906
as revised edition.
5\ Complete Arcana of Astral Philosophy – William J. Simmonite
Kessinger Legacy Reprints. Originally published in London in 1890.
6\ Clavis Astrologiae Elimata – Henry Coley
Originally published in London in 1676.
On-line copy available through http://www.skyscript.co.uk/clavis.html
7\ The Text-Book of Astrology – Alfred John Pearce
Published by American Federation of Astrologers in 2006.
8\ Primary Directions – A Definite Study – Sepharial
Published by Astrology Classics in 2006
9\ Science of Foreknowledge – Sepharial
Kessinger Publishing. Originally published in London in 1918.
10\ A Student’s Textbook of Astrology – Vivian E. Robson
Published by Astrology Classics in 2010. Originally published in London in 1922.
11\ The Radix System – Vivian E. Robson
Kessinger Legacy Reprints. Originally published in London in 1930.
12\ Symbolic Directions in Modern Astrology – Charles E.O. CARTER
Published by Astrology Classics in 2010. Originally published in London in 1929.
13\ Directions – Co-determinants of Fate – Reinhold Ebertin
Published by American Federation of Astrologers in 1976, and 2011

Bibliography – Contemporary:
1\ Prediction in Astrology – Noel J. Tyl
Published by Llewellyn Publications in 1995.
2\ Solar Arc – Noel J. Tyl
Published by Llewellyn Publications in 2001.
3\ Synthesis and Counseling in Astrology – Noel Tyl
Published by Llewellyn Publications in 1998.
4\ Primary Directions (Astrology’s Old Master technique) – Martin Gansten
Published by Wessex Astrologer in 2009.
5\ Primary Directions (A Primer of Calculations) – Bob Makransky
Copyright 1988 M.J.Makransky. Published by Dear Brutus Press.
6\ Primary Directions I & II – Rumen Kolev
Published by Placidus Research Center
7\ Progressions and Directions – Charles A. Jayne
Published by American Federation of Astrologers in 2011.
8\ Primary Directions in Astrology: A Primer – Anthony Louis
Kindle Edition 1.0; Released September 8, 2013.
9\ An Easy Introduction to Primary Directions – Deborah Houlding
www.skyscript.co.uk/easy-directions.html; Published online September 2009.
10\ Larousse Encyclopedia of Astrology.
Published by McGraw-Hill Book Company in 1980.
11\ A history of Horoscopic Astrology – James Herschel Holden
Published by American Federation of Astrologers in 2006.
12\ Progressions – Robert P. Blaschke
Published by Earthwalk School of Astrology Publishing in 1998.
13\ Forecasting Backward and Forward – Bruce F. Hammerslough
Published by Llewellyn Publications in 1994.
14\ What Evangeline Adams Knew – Karen Christino
Published by Stella Mira Books in 2004.
15\ Foreseeing the future. Evangeline Adams and Astrology in America
– Karen Chrisitino. Published by One Reed Publications in 2002.

Software used:
1\ Morinus 6.2 Astrology Program (Free Software) by Robert Nagy
2\ Stellarium 0.13.3 Astronomy Program (Free Software) by Stellarium Developers
1 Comment
    Picture

    Peter Gadek

    is a recipient of a research grant presented by the NCGR, from the Ernest and Catherine Grant Trust. 
    Published in the AFA Journal of Research in late 2015.

    Archives

    February 2021
    May 2017

    Categories

    All

    RSS Feed

Web Design Copyright © 2022 Friends of Astrology, Inc,
​Content Copyright © 2001 - 2022 Friends of Astrology, Inc
No part of this website may be copied without the expressed written permission of appropriate party.

Current Website Designed, Developed and Maintained by Pamela Kokott, 
Photos Creations by Pamela Kokott.

This previous website was designed & maintained
 by Peter Chan 2001-2013 
FOA Inc. established one of the 1st Astrology Group websites 


Picture